Mandala 10 - Philosophical and Cosmogonic Hymns

Mandala 10 contains 191 hymns attributed to various seers. This is the most philosophical Mandala of the Rig Veda, containing some of the most profound hymns in Vedic literature. It includes the Purusha Sukta (10.90), describing the cosmic being from whom the universe and the four varnas originate; the Nasadiya Sukta (10.129), the famous 'Hymn of Creation' contemplating the origins of the cosmos; the Hiranyagarbha Sukta (10.121), praising the golden womb from which creation emerged; and the Samjnana Sukta (10.191), the hymn of unity and harmony. This Mandala also contains hymns about marriage, funeral rites, and other social aspects of Vedic life.